Should You Invest in Small-Cap Funds? Risks, Returns & Strategy Explained

Small-cap Mutual Funds have gained tremendous popularity in India over the last few years. Some investors have doubled their wealth, while others have earned higher returns than many large-cap or mid cap funds. But small-cap Investing comes with high rewards and high risks. In this article, we’ll break down everything you need to know about Small cap funds, including their benefits, risks, investment strategies, and tips to make them work for you.

India’s Growth Story and Why Small Companies Matter

India’s Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) already contribute over 30% of the country’s GDP and employ millions of people. With initiatives like Digital India, Startup India, and Production-Linked Incentive (PLI) schemes, many small firms are scaling rapidly. Some of these companies will transition into mid-cap territory, while a few could even become large-cap leaders of tomorrow.

When you invest in small-cap funds, you are essentially betting on India’s entrepreneurship and growth story. Historically, small companies with strong execution and scalability have delivered remarkable wealth creation opportunities.

Example - Early-stage Infosys in the 1990s was a small IT firm that became a global powerhouse. DMart started as a small retail chain before becoming a market favourite.

Understanding Small-Cap Funds

Small-cap mutual funds invest primarily in smaller companies that are ranked below the top 250 on the stock exchange, typically with a market capitalization between ₹500 crore and ₹5,000 crore. These companies are often in their growth phase, with potential to expand into mid-cap or large-cap territory over time. Examples include 3M India, LIC Housing Finance, Apollo Tyres, Tata Technologies, and TVS Holdings.

Think of small-cap companies like your local kirana store versus a nationwide retail chain. Today, the kirana store is small, but with growth, it could become the next DMart. The potential for high returns exists, but many small companies may also fail to scale.

How Small-Cap Funds Differ from Other Funds

• Large cap funds: Invest in well-established companies with stable earnings and proven track records. Returns tend to be steady, but growth is moderate.

• Mid-cap funds: Focus on medium-sized companies with growth potential, but with moderate risk.

• Small-cap funds: Target small, emerging companies that can deliver exceptional long-term returns, but carry higher Volatility and risk.

Benefits of Small-Cap Funds

• High Growth Potential: Small companies today may become the leaders of tomorrow, offering significant wealth creation opportunities. They have room to grow 5x, 10x, or even 20x, offering extraordinary long-term wealth creation potential.

• Long-Term Wealth Creation: Historically, small-cap indices have delivered higher CAGR than large-cap indices, showing strong compounding potential. Consider the Nifty Smallcap 250 index, which has historically delivered around 15% CAGR since inception, compared to 12% for large-caps.

Example:

• ₹10 lakh invested in large-caps over 15 years → ₹54 lakh
• ₹10 lakh invested in small-caps over 15 years → ₹81 lakh

That’s the Power of Compounding.

Why Small-Cap Funds Have Rallied Recently

Strong growth in India’s SMEs and startups, combined with rising SIP inflows and institutional interest, has pushed small-cap funds higher in the last few years.

• 2023–24 Performance - Many small-cap funds delivered returns of over 35%, compared to 18–20% in large-caps.

• Historical Perspective- Historically, small-cap funds have delivered returns well above large-caps during bullish phases. For example, some small-cap funds have given 35%+ annualized returns, compared to 18–20% for large-cap funds. However, volatility is high, and markets have experienced significant corrections, such as the 2017–18 small-cap crash.

How to Plan Your Investment Strategy in Small-Caps

1. Define Your Goal

Small-cap funds are extremely volatile in the short term — they can fall 30–40% in a single year. They are suitable only for long-term goals (7–10 years or more). Avoid using small-caps for short-term needs like a car purchase or wedding expenses.

2. SIP vs. Lump Sum

Investing via Systematic Investment plan (SIPs) smooths volatility:

• When markets fall, your SIP buys more units — like shopping during a sale.
• When markets rise, you buy fewer units, but older units appreciate.

Example:

• SIP of ₹10,000/month since 2018 → survived a 40% crash in 2018 and still delivered ~18–20% CAGR.
• Lump sum investment at market peak → could take years to recover.

3. Asset Allocation — Age, Market Cycle, and Risk Capital

• Age - Younger investors can take more risk (15–20% in small-caps), while older investors should reduce exposure (under 10%, or even 5% for preservation).

• Market Cycle - Avoid overloading during market highs. Increase allocation during downturns for maximum wealth creation.

• Risk Capital - Only invest money you can lock in for 7–10 years. Treat it like venture capital within your Portfolio.

4. Entry & Exit Strategy

• Reduce exposure when valuations are extremely high (e.g., P/E ratios of 60–70x).
• Increase SIPs or allocation during market corrections — downturns are opportunities for long-term gains.
• Think of small-caps like a spice in your food — a little enhances the flavour, too much can burn your mouth.

Risks to Consider Before Investing in Small-Cap Funds

While small-cap funds offer high growth potential, they come with significant risks. Understanding these risks is crucial before investing.

1. Volatility

Small-cap funds are highly volatile, meaning their prices can swing dramatically in short periods. Unlike large-cap companies, smaller companies often have limited resources and market presence, so any negative news, weak earnings, or market downturn can cause sharp declines.

*Example- * During the COVID-19 crash in March 2020, the Nifty Smallcap 250 index fell by nearly 40%, while the Nifty 50 (large-cap index) fell around 25%. Imagine investing ₹10 lakh — your portfolio could suddenly drop to ₹6 lakh. While long-term investors can recover, short-term investors may face heavy losses.

2. Liquidity Risk

Liquidity refers to how easily an asset can be bought or sold without affecting its price. Many small-cap stocks are thinly traded, meaning there are fewer buyers and sellers in the market.

• If a large investor or institution decides to exit, the price of these stocks can drop sharply.
• This makes it difficult to sell your holdings quickly at a fair price during market downturns.

Tip: Small-cap funds are not suitable for short-term money. Only invest money you can leave untouched for at least 7–10 years.

3. Overvaluation Concerns

• Small-cap stocks can sometimes trade at extremely high valuations compared to their earnings potential.
• Many small-caps today are trading at 60–70x earnings, whereas large-cap stocks generally trade around 20x earnings.
• High valuations leave little margin of safety — if growth slows, stock prices can drop sharply.

*Example- * In early 2018, some small-cap funds were priced at extreme multiples, and when the market corrected, the Nifty Smallcap index fell almost 40% in a year. Investors who bought at peak valuations suffered significant losses.

4. History Repeats: Greed and Fear Cycles

• The small-cap market often experiences cycles of greed and fear.
• In 2017, small-cap funds delivered 50%+ returns, attracting many new investors.
• By 2018, the market corrected, and the same index crashed over 40%, wiping out gains for late entrants.

This pattern shows that high returns in one year can be followed by steep corrections. Timing and patience are crucial, and emotional investing can lead to losses.

Top and Best Small-Cap Funds to Consider 2025

All the funds mentioned above are ideal, we are giving you detailed analysis of 5 funds.

Key Takeaway

Small-cap funds can generate exceptional long-term returns, but they are not for everyone. They require:

• A long-term investment horizon (7–10 years)
• Risk appetite to handle sharp ups and downs
• Strategic planning, including SIPs, proper Asset Allocation, and patience

By understanding these risks, investors can approach small-cap funds smartly, maximizing growth potential while minimizing unnecessary exposure.